The Pope is facing a range of responses from Muslims to some recent words he quoted about Islam, which were spoken by a 14th-century Byzantine emperor.
The violent responses several places in the world are unfortunate, any way I look at them. In my opinion, violence is not an appropriate response to being offended.
But there are thoughtful and more tempered responses too.
While passions have been heated and stirred by these events, I hope that in the long run it will bring about good and helpful dialog, and perspective that will help many to move further along in their sincere pursuit of God.
In the widest spectrum I can think of, most Christians take one or more of the following views on Islam.
First, Islam is one path that can lead people toward God. Not many Christians hold this view, but in some more recent corners of the Christian faith there is an awkward impulse to accomodate a religious tolerance that tries to leave space for every religious inclination in the world, a sort of democratization of God's revelation and accessibility to the point that everyone wins and nobody loses.
Second, Islam is a path that only leads people away from God. There is a group of people whose position is at least this strong or stronger. If there are some views of tolerance and respect for the Islamic faith, this view would be on the opposite end of the spectrum.
Third, Islam is a path that can lead people toward God but most of its popular incarnations amount to legalism, and its interpretation of how to approach God (through legalistic human performance) is inconsistent with the revelation, incarnation and teaching of Jesus Christ who preceded Muhammed and claimed to be one with God. Jesus confronted the Pharisees on their legalism and judgementalism, offering a new and better way to be in relationship with God than focusing only on rules of conduct.
Fourth, Islam is a path that can lead people toward God but much of popular Islamic teaching distracts people from true reconciliation with God and from engaging God's truth. This view holds that popular Islamic practice can involve outward piety without a necessary obedience of the heart and mind. This might be called "nominal" religion (outward association with a particular religious faith system) and it can be found in all religions, but it looks different in each case and each culture.
Fifth, the only legitimate path toward God is through Christ and there are no exceptions. Muslims must embrace Christ if they wish to be reconciled to God. There are some words Jesus said which many Christians see as the basis for this point of view, for a lack of another way to interpret what Jesus claimed about himself. For many people in the world, this exclusivity within the claims of Jesus is their biggest stumbling block. It's partly a choice about whether or not Jesus' claim is true, but also it is an uncomfortable position in some ways, by its exclusive implications.
Sixth, there are things that all people (who are all made in God's image) can learn from one another about the pursuit of God, and mutually respectful dialog among different faiths is a helpful thing. Respectful dialog does not have to involve compromise of one's own faith. There are aspects of real truth about God, to be found in many faiths. There is no religious faith system that is made up completely of falsehood.
Seventh, there is obviously the existence of Islamic extremism today, and even if it does not represent the majority of Muslims, it is certainly one of the "faces" of Islam that the world is seeing. Terrorists have done their deeds in over a dozen different global cities in the name of Islam, and so have Sunni and Shiite Muslims in gruesome sectarian violence toward each other in Iraq. (Keep in mind, that all religions including Christianity have their own extremists and radicals who don't represent the mainstream, or the fundamentals of the faith. But these folks often make the headlines.)
There are probably many more viewpoints than these, which Christians might hold toward followers of Islam. And of course some of the above points of view are offensive to some groups of Christians.
Personally, I do wish that more Muslims would take seriously their pursuit of faith as followers of the God of Abraham, and as people who according to their own holy book the Koran are instructed to have a respect for the "people of the book" (Christians) and the Injil, the gospel. What did the God of Abraham say and reveal through God's prophets? The Muslim faith today holds that the Koran trumps all previous communication from God, but there are some incompatibilities and inconsistencies between early Judaism, the Gospels of Jesus Christ, and the later expressions from Muhammed, which do not seem to be addressed in Islam in a candid way. Does God contradict God? Does God change? If not, then there should be a willingness among most Muslims to face these problems with openness and thoughtfulness.
I'm not trying to suggest that Christians (or Muslims, or anyone seeking God) should think of faith as a cafeteria, and load up their tray with the dishes they prefer, and assume that all is fine. I am not a relativist and do not believe that truth is relative for each person. Faith is not a cafeteria, and divine truth is not an ala carte menu, in my opinion.
I believe that truth is truth, and we should all seek it by seeking God with all of our heart, soul, mind and strength. We should do our seeking with a generous degree of humility.
We should seek God by following God's revelation, God's "Word" (God's "kalima"). God's word does not fade away. It may be tainted, misunderstood, and even misrepresented by human generations, but God's communicated Word is sufficient for created beings made in God's image to understand and respond in relationship to the loving Creator God.
For what it's worth, here is my encouragement for walking the path toward God: read the four gospels according to Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, ask God to speak to you; and then decide whether Jesus spoke the truth and was who he claimed to be (the Way, the Truth, and the Life), or he was a liar, or he was a lunatic.
That faith choice can then inform how a person evaluates other understandings about who God is and what God requires of us.
What does the Lord require of us?
"He's already made it plain how to live, what to do, what God is looking for in men and women. It's quite simple: Do what is fair and just to your neighbor, be compassionate and loyal in your love, and don't take yourself too seriously; take God seriously."
- Micah 6:8 (The Message)
I am a person who regularly renews my faith choice to be a follower of Jesus -- it's not by birth, and it's not a once for all choice followed by turning off my brain. Faith is by definition an ongoing process of choosing to believe things that are unseen and unprovable by human science. There is evidence to be found, but it's spiritual evidence. That's OK though... part of being made in God's image is that we're spiritual beings, and it is healthy for us to sift through spiritual evidence about who God is.
There are some things that make the Christian faith unique from all other faiths including Islam, such as the belief that Jesus is God, is alive today, can and wants to enter into relationship with each person who believes, and the emphasis not only on God's judgement and holiness but also on God's love and grace and mercy.
What views do you have of Islam? What are they based on? What respectful conversations do you Christians have with Muslims (or you Muslims with Christians) about discerning truth and pursuing God as the main thing in life?